The $\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_$ d$($v$1,$ v$2)$ between two n $-$bit binary sequences v$1$ and v$2$ is the number

of bits in which v$1$ and v$2$ disagree.

$2.$ When signals at different frequencies share the same transmission medium the

result may be $\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_$ noise.

$3.$ The $\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_$ time is the time it takes for a bit to traverse the link between source and

destination.

$4.$ In Data Link layer, Data are sent in blocks called $\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.$

$5.$ The time it takes for a station to emit all of the bits of a frame onto the medium is

the $\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_$ time.

$6.$ The $\_\_\_\_\_\_\_$ layer is used to implement connection$-$oriented protocol.

$7.$ The form of error control based on sliding$-$window flow control that is most

commonly used is $\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.$

$8.$ For a stop$-$and$-$wait flow control, the utilization can be expressed by $,$ where tf

is the frame transmission time and tp is the propagation delay

$9.$ For a sliding window protocol of window size W$,$ there can be a maximum of frames

sent before acknowledged.

$10.$ Circuit switching was originally developed to handle $\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_$ traffic.

$11.$ In the $\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_$ approach in packet switching each packet is treated independently

with no reference to packets that have gone before.

$12.$ In local area network, addresses are used to specify source address and

destination address.

$13.$ An IS used to connect two LANs that use similar LAN protocols and acts as an

address filter, picking up packets from one LAN that are intended for a destination

on another LAN and passing those packets on$,$ is a $\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.$

$14.$ The $\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_$ layer contains the logic needed to support the various user applications.

$15.$ The $\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_$ layer is concerned with the exchange of data between an end system and

the network to which it is attached.

$16.$ The header format for TCP is a minimum of $\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_$ octets.