The alignment between an organization's strategy $($and its higher$-$level purposes reflected in

its vision, mission, values and objectives$)\text{'}$ and its human resources strategy may be termed as

integration.

$($a$)$ Discuss with practical examples, the concept of vertical integration. Your discussion

should also include the benefits of vertical integration and how does one promote the

vertical integration of human resource strategy.

$($b$)$ How do you understand horizontal integration? Without horizontal integration, human

resource management is dysfunctional. Briefly discuss with an example.