The biconditional, denoted by p q, is dened by the following logical equivalence: p q

The biconditional, denoted by p ↔ q, is defined by the following logical equivalence: p ↔ q ≡ (p → q)∧(q → p) In other words, the two-sided arrow is shorthand for the conjunction of an implication (conditional) and its converse. We read the biconditional p ↔ q as follows: “p if and only if q” or “p is necessary and suficient for q.” Indicate each of the statements listed below that is logically equivalent to this biconditional statement. (There may be more than one.) “Crystal will graduate if and