The Boston Big Dig project serves as a prime example of estimation problems in large$-$scale infrastructure projects.

Initially estimated at $$2\mathrm{.}8$ billion with a completion date of $1998,$ the project ultimately cost $$14\mathrm{.}8$ billion and finished in $2007,$ showcasing significant schedule and cost overruns. These issues stemmed from underestimating the project's complexity, scope creep, unforeseen technical challenges, inflation, and poor risk management.

The prolonged construction caused extensive disruption to Boston, strained public finances, and eroded public trust. Despite eventually achieving its main goals of improving Boston's transportation infrastructure, the project's problems led to legal consequences, increased scrutiny of large infrastructure projects, and became a cautionary tale in project management.

The Big Dig underscores the critical importance of accurate initial estimates, robust risk management, and effective scope control in complex, long$-$term projects. give feedback about this comment.