The bullwhip effect:

A$.$ occurs as orders are relayed from retailers to distributors to wholesalers to manufacturers.

B$.$ results in increasing fluctuations as one moves up the supply chain.

C$.$ increases the costs associated with inventory in the supply chain.

D$.$ occurs because of distortions in information in the supply chain.

E$.$ All of these are true.

A checklist is a type of:

A$.$ Pareto chart

B$.$ poka$-$yoke.

C$.$ flowchart

D$.$ kaizen.

E$.$ kanban.

Productivity increases when

A$.$ inputs increase while outputs remain the same.

B$.$ inputs decrease while outputs remain the same.

C$.$ inputs and outputs increase proportionately.

D$.$ outputs decrease while inputs remain the same.

Which of the following is NOT a valid principle of bottleneck management?

A$.$ Release work orders to the system at the pace set by the bottleneck's capacity.

B$.$ Increasing the capacity of a non$-$bottleneck station increases the capacity for the whole system.

C$.$ Lost time at the bottleneck represents lost capacity for the whole system.