The Canadian Census collects demographic data for specific groups such as$$ lone$-$parent families,$$ seniors, and those from specific language groups via what is commonly referred to as the$$ "Short Form." The Short Form questionnaire is issued to each household in$$ Canada, and all Canadian residents are legally required to complete the form. In addition to the$$ "Short Form," a more detailed$($long$)$ form, sent for completion to certain households$$ only, used to be$$ mandatory, but became voluntary instead at the time of the $2011$ census. What are the impacts of the change from mandatory to voluntary participation in the longer$$ census?

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Part $1$

Choose the correct answer below.

A$.$

The move to voluntary completion of the more detailed form introduces response bias. The households that receive the extra form have the opportunity to be counted multiple times and end up overrepresented in the results.

B$.$

The move to voluntary completion of the more detailed form introduces voluntary response bias. In$$ particular, since disadvantaged households may choose not to complete the$$ form, the results may underrepresent those groups in Canadian society.

C$.$

The move to voluntary completion of the more detailed form adds validity to the census. In$$ particular, people who provide inaccurate answers out of spite from being forced to participate will no longer be factored in$.$

D$.$

The move to voluntary completion of the more detailed form introduces nonresponse bias. Since the survey is$$ longer, very few households if any will elect to complete it instead of the Short$$ Form, severely impacting the results.