The case involves the North Hudson Regional Fire & Rescue (NHRFR) department, which used a residency requirement for hiring firefighters, mandating applicants to live within certain municipalities. The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) challenged this policy, arguing that it disproportionately excluded African American candidates, thereby violating Title VII due to its adverse impact on racial minorities. The court found that the residency requirement was not a business necessity and failed to serve a specific job-related purpose, thus it was discriminatory under disparate impact theory (NAACP v. North Hudson Regional Fire Rescue, 2010)