The client$-$server model

a$.$ is more efficient than the bus or ring topologies because it transmits an entire file of records to the requesting node rather than only a single record

b$.$ is not used in conjunction with either the bus or ring topology

c$.$ is best suited to the token ring topology because the random$-$access method this topology uses detects data collisions

d$.$ is most effective when used as a bus topology because its deterministic access method avoids collisions and prevents data loss during transmissions

e$.$ distributes both data and processing tasks to the server node, using any topology