The cliffNotes expert provided me with the below answer for the question (Explain three decision-making processes that can be applied to ensure that effective outcomes are achieved. (AC 1.4)), however, the evaluator was not quite satisfied with the answer and provided a feedback comment (These are more models than processes here Nouf. You provide some good points here, but you need to provide a wide range of references and examples here to support your answer.)

For resubmission

Please provide three different processes here such as Problem Outcome Frame, Best Fit or Action Learning. Please explain them in terms of examples and also a good set of references here to support your discussion. Could you re-write it following the above guidance?

The Previous CliffNotes Expert answer was as below:

Introduction

This report aims to provide the Senior Management team with decision-making processes that can be applied to ensure effective outcomes are achieved.

Decision-Making Processes

Senior management can apply various decision-making processes to ensure effective outcomes. This report will discuss three key processes: Rational Decision-Making, Intuitive Decision-Making, and Evidence-Based Decision-Making.

1. Rational Decision-Making

The Rational Decision-Making process is a structured and logical approach that involves the following steps:

1. Problem Identification: Clearly defining the problem or decision to be made.

2. Criteria Establishment: Determining the criteria for a successful outcome.

3. Alternative Generation: Identifying possible solutions or courses of action.

4. Evaluation of Alternatives: Assessing each alternative against the established criteria.

5. Selection of the Best Alternative: Choosing the best option meets the criteria.

6. Implementation: Executing the chosen alternative.

7. Evaluation: Reviewing the decision and its outcomes to ensure effectiveness.

The Rational Decision-Making model is grounded in classical decision theory, which assumes that decision-makers are fully informed, rational, and able to evaluate all possible alternatives (Simon, 1955).

2. Intuitive Decision-Making

Intuitive Decision-Making relies on the decision-maker's instincts and experience rather than structured analysis. This process is beneficial when time is limited and quick decisions are required. The steps involved include:

1. Recognition: Identifying patterns or cues based on past experiences.

2. Pattern Matching: Comparing the current situation with previous experiences.

3. Decision: Making a decision based on intuition and gut feeling.

4. Implementation: Acting on the decision.

5. Evaluation: Reflecting on the decision to learn from the outcome.

Intuitive Decision-Making is supported by the Recognition-Primed Decision (RPD) model, which suggests that experienced decision-makers can quickly recognize patterns and make decisions based on their expertise (Klein, 1998).

3. Evidence-Based Decision-Making

Evidence-Based Decision-Making integrates the best available evidence with professional expertise and stakeholder values. The process involves:

1. Question Formulation: Defining the problem or decision to be made.

2. Evidence Collection: Gathering relevant data from credible sources.

3. Evidence Appraisal: Critically evaluating the quality and relevance of the evidence.

4. Integration: Combining the evidence with professional expertise and stakeholder values.

5. Decision: Making an informed decision based on the integrated evidence.

6. Implementation: Executing the decision.

7. Evaluation: Assessing the decision's effectiveness and making necessary adjustments.

Evidence-based decision-making (EBP) is rooted in its principles, which emphasize the use of high-quality evidence to inform decisions (Sackett et al., 1996).

Conclusion

Effective decision-making is crucial for achieving successful outcomes in any organization. By understanding and applying Evidence-Based Practice and various decision-making processes, senior management can ensure that decisions are informed and rational and uphold integrity and value. The Rational, Intuitive, and Evidence-Based Decision-Making processes each offer unique advantages and can be applied in different contexts to achieve effective outcomes.