The COVID$-19$ pandemic has tested supply chains like no other event in recent history.Entire populations were isolating andquarantining, creating spikes in demand for certain products $($such as hand sanitizer$)$ and large drops in demand for others. Many businesses were shuttered for months, with small businesses, retail stores, and restaurants especially hard$-$hit. Large drops in demand, shortfalls in cash flow, worldwide port congestion, factory shutdowns, and disruptions to air cargo, trucking, and rail services paralyzed companies all over the world.Customers changed their purchasing habits.Many started spending more on essentials, creating shortages across both e$-$commerce and brick$-$and$-$mortar retail stores. Changes in consumer spending behavior upended predictive models as customers shifted spending to new stores, chan$-$nels, and product lines. At the same time, compa$-$ger danh cho may Mac