The diagram below illustrates the interaction between two cloud service consumers $($A and B$)$ and two virtual servers $($A and B$)$ hosted on a cloud.

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Based on the limited information provided in the depicted scenarios, select the types of attacks that could potentially be carried out if any of the programs outside of the cloud were malicious. Provide a brief explanation justifying the threat of each proposed attack.

a$.$Cloud Service Consumer A could launch a denial of service attack on Virtual Server A by generating increased loads that could compromise the underlying physical server and, as a result, could further compromise Virtual Server B$.$

b$.$The service agent could be designed to launch a malicious intermediary attack by intercepting messages or data received by cloud service consumer A and augmenting the data in a manner that could be harmful to Virtual Server A$.$

c$.$The service agent could be designed to launch a malicious intermediary attack by intercepting messages or data received by cloud service consumer B and augmenting the data in a manner that could be harmful to Virtual Server B$.$

d$.$Cloud Service Consumer B could launch its own denial of service attack, as described above, thereby compromising Virtual Server B$,$ the underlying physical server, and potentially also Virtual Server A$.$