THE ESSENTIALS AND BEYOND me perform specific functions Protocols are the communication languages of networking. So while others are networking protocols. Networking protocols can be categorized as either routed orrouting. A routed protocol is one that is designed in such a way that it can be routed between remote networks, while a routing protocol is responsible for performing the routing function Protocols operate at all four layers of the TCP/IP model. The layer at which a protocol operates is determined by the information it uses to do its job. At the Network Access layer, protocols can be classified as either LAN protocols or WAN protocols. These two types of protocols will create and attach different types of Network Access layer headers on the packets they transport. WAN protocols carry LAN packets across the WAN connection to be delivered to remote LANs. EXERCISES 1. Using the following list, write the layer of the TCP/IP model at which each protocol operates. ICMP DNS TFTP ARP Ethernet IP SMTP UDP FTP TCP GMP Frame Relay