Question: The estimated mean difference in SBP values at the start of surgery (0 minutes on the time line) for the Individualized treatment group compared to

The estimated mean difference in SBP values at the start of surgery (0 minutes on the time line) for the Individualized treatment group compared to the Standard treatment cohort is 5 mmHg. The p-value from the corresponding two-sample t-test comparing the mean systolic blood pressures (SBP) at the population levels is 0.09. What is the interpretation of this p-value?

a. There is a 9% chance the null hypothesis is true.

b. If there is a population mean SBP difference in between the 2 groups, then the chances of getting a study mean difference of 5 mmHg (or something even "more extreme") is 0.09 (9%).

c. If the mean difference in SBP between the two groups is 5 mmHg cm at the population level, then the chances that this study detects this difference is 0.09. (9%)

d. If there is no population mean difference in SBP between the 2 groups, then the chances of getting a study mean difference of 5 mmHg (or something even "more extreme") is 0.09 (9%).

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