The exam scheduling problem is a complex optimization challenge faced by educational institutions, where the goal is to assign exams to time slots and rooms while satisfying various constraints. The primary objective is to create a schedule that minimizes conflicts and maximizes resource utilization, ensuring that students can attend all their required exams without overlap. This problem can be modeled as a constraint satisfaction problem $($CSP$)$ and is particularly relevant in the context of universities where multiple courses, students, and resources are involved.

Problem Statement:

Given:

A set of exams $E=\{e_1,e_2,$dots,$e_n\}$

A set of time slots $(t_1,t_2,$dots,$t_m$