The following data come from a case-control study of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and exposure to dietary probiotics. IBD No IBD Probiotics 532 378 No probiotics 238 252 After stratifying the above data by age, the following tables were obtained: IBD No IBD Probiotics 140 210 45 years and older No probiotics 140 210 Probiotics 392 168 Below 45 years No probiotics 98 42 Based on the data above, which statement regarding IBD and probiotics is true? A. The association between probiotics and IBD is protective. B. When stratified by age, IBD is associated with probiotics in those below the age of 45 years. C. IBD cases are more likely than controls to have been exposed to probiotics. D. When stratified by age, there is a stronger association between IBD and probiotics in individuals 45 year and older than in those below the age of 45 years. E. The odds ratio for probiotic exposure comparing those with IBD to those without IBD is equal to 2.24 Which of the following statements describes the role of age in this study? A. There is no association between age and IBD. B. Age is not a confounder of the association between probiotics and IBD. C. Age is a confounder of the association between probiotics and IBD. D. Age is an effect modifier of the association between probiotics and IBD. E. There is synergistic interaction between age and probiotics