The following data come from a study designed to investigate the association between retirement status and heart disease. 127 people who had cardiac arrest were matched on a number of characteristics that included age with 127 healthy control subjects. Retirement status was then ascertained for each subject. a) Test the null hypothesis that there is no association between retirement status and cardiac arrest. What is the p-value? Present a conclusion that addresses the scientific question.

b) Calculate a point estimate of the odds ratio comparing retired healthy people to those who have experienced cardiac arrest. Construct and interpret a 95% confidence interval for the population odds ratio. Does this interval contain the value 1?

What does this mean?

Healthy Cardiac Arrest Total

Retired Not Retired

Retired 27 12 39

Not Retired 20 68 88

Total 47 80 127