The GNU compiler kit uses a machine$-$independent register transfer language, RTL$,$ as an intermediate language. The kit includes translators from several high$-$level languages $($such as C$,$ C$++,$ Pascal$)$ into RTL$,$ and translators from RTL into several machine codes $($such as Alpha, PPC$,$ and SPARC$).$ It also includes an RTL $$optimiser$,$ i$.$e$.,$ a program that translates RTL into more efficient RTL$.$ All of these translators are expressed in C$.$

a$)$ Show how you would install these translators on a SPARC machine, given a C compiler for the SPARC. $[5]$

Now show how you would use these translators to:

b$)$ Compile a program P$,$ expressed in Pascal, into SPARC machine code; $[5]$

c$)$ Compile the same program, but using the RTL optimiser to generate more efficient object code; $[5]$

d$)$ Cross$-$compile a program Q$,$ expressed in C$++,$ into PP machine code. $[5]$