The Interface Segregation Principle (ISP) suggests that clients should not be forced to depend on interfaces they don't use. This principle encourages developers to create smaller, more focused interfaces that are easier to understand and implement. Here's an example of Java code that violates the ISP: public interface Vehicle \{ void startEngine(l; void stopEngine(); void turnLeft[); void turnRightl?; void changeGearl]; void changeOil(1); \} This Vehicle interface has several methods that may not be relevant to all types of vehicles. For example, a bicycle doesn't have an engine or gears to change, but it would still need to implement these methods if it implemented the Vehicle interface. This violates the ISP since the interface is too broad and not tailored to specific types of vehicles. A better approach would be to create more focused interfaces for specific types of vehicles. For example, a Bicycle interface could have methods like pedal and brake, while a Car interface could have methods like accelerate, brake, and changeGear. This would make the interfaces more intuitive and easier to implement for different types of vehicles, while also adhering to the ISP. Java example of refactored code that violates ISP principle. Example of refactored code that violates the Interface Segregation Principle (ISP): public interface Vehicle \{ void startEngine(l; void stopEngine(); void turnLeft[); void turnRightl]; void changeGearl]; \} public class Car implements Vehicle \{ public void startEngine() \{ // code to start engine ? public void stopEngine[) \{ // code to stop engine 3 public void turnLeft() \{ // code to turn left \} public void turnRight[] \{ // code to turn right \} public void changeGear[] \{ // code to change gear \} public void changeOil() \{ // code to change oil \} In this example, the original Vehicle interface had a changeOil method that wasn't relevant to all types of vehicles. So, the interface was refactored to remove that method. However, the Car class still implements the changeOil method, which violates the ISP since it's not relevant to all types of vehicles that implement the Vehicle interface. A better approach would be to create a separate Maintenance interface that includes the changeOil method and have the Car class implement both the Vehicle and Maintenance interfaces. This would ensure that the changeOil method is only available to classes that need it and adhere to the ISP. Refactor the existing code to add the Maintenance interface. Add an Electric Car class that does not changeOil