The late Tom executed a will in $2019$ that had been prepared for him by his attorney. In this will, Tom appointed his nephew Peter and his friend Ben as his heirs. When Tom executed this will he was recovering from a serious illness and was unable to write or sign his name. As a result, his attorney$$s secretary$,$ Nola, signed the will on behalf of Tom and at his direction.

In which circumstances will this will be valid?

Select one:

a$.$

Nola signed in the presence of Tom$$s friends Anna and Ben and they then signed the will next to her signature. A policeman, P Chetty, was also present. He wrote the following words on the will:

$$I certify that this is the will of Tom.$$

He then signed his name beneath this statement and stamped it with a rubber stamp that stated:

$$P Chetty, Police Constable, Umbilo Police Station, Durban.$$

b$.$

Nola signed in the presence of a policemen who wrote the following words on the will:

$$I certify that this is the will of Tom.$$

The policeman then signed his name beneath this statement and stamped it with a rubber stamp that stated:

$$P Chetty, Police Constable, Commissioner of Oaths, Umbilo Police Station, Durban.$$

The next day, Tom$$s wife took the document to Tom$$s friends Anna and Ben and they then signed the will next to Nola$$s signature.

c$.$

Nola signed in the presence of Tom$$s friends Anna and Ben and they signed the will next to her signature. A policeman, P Chetty, was also present and wrote the following words on the will:

$$I certify that this is the will of Tom.$$

He then signed his name beneath this statement and stamped it with a rubber stamp that stated:

$$P Chetty, Police Constable, Commissioner of Oaths, Umbilo Police Station, Durban.$$

d$.$

Nola signed in the presence of Tom$$s friends Anna and Ben and they signed the will next to her signature. The next day Tom$$s wife took the will to a police station where a policeman wrote the following words on the will:

$$I certify that this is the will of Tom.$$

The policeman then signed his name beneath this statement and stamped it with a rubber stamp that stated:

$$P Chetty, Police Constable, Commissioner of Oaths, Umbilo Police Station, Durban.$$