$$

The linear communication model can be criticized on the grounds that

Question $21$ options:

a$)$

it suggests an active, unified sender and a passive receiver.

b$)$

it conforms too closely to the EPS model.

c$)$

it assumes that culture is hierarchical.

d$)$

it asserts that audiences create their own meanings from messages sent.

Question $22(1\mathrm{.}5$ points$)$

$$

Yellow journalism in the $1890$s was the forerunner of today's tabloid newspapers.

Question $22$ options:

TrueFalse

Question $23(1\mathrm{.}5$ points$)$

$$

A newshole is

Question $23$ options:

a$)$

$$softer$$ news $($such as lifestyle, fashion, do$-$it$-$yourself, and gardening$)$ that can fill up the paper on a slow news day.

b$)$

the space left for news in the paper after the ads have been placed.

c$)$

the portion of the newspaper dedicated to advertisements.

d$)$

a non$-$news story that blurs the line between entertainment and hard news.

e$)$

a story not covered by a particular newspaper because of a reporter shortage.

Question $24(1\mathrm{.}5$ points$)$

$$

The first newspaper produced in North America was Publick Occurrences, Both Forreign and Domestick.

Question $24$ options:

TrueFalse

Question $25(1\mathrm{.}5$ points$)$

$$

The success of the first "Penny Paper, $"$ the New York Sun, favored business news which unleashed a barrage of other penny papers that also featured business news.

Question $25$ options:

TrueFalse