The minimum downside projection from a head and shoulders top pattern is derived a. by estimating the length of the primary price cycle b. by projecting downward from the neckline the vertical distance from the top of the head to the neckline c. by measuring the distance from the penetration of the neckline by the left shoulder to the penetration of the neckline by the right shoulder and extending down from the point of penetration of the right shoulder d. by measuring the width of the left shoulder and subtracting that distance from the neckline