The module is Linux essentials.

General instructions

$1.$Submit a detailed report$($ conduct research for each section, insert the code and reaults screenshots as proof$)$ and also send the original code or script

$2.$ The report ahould be structured in a professional manner must include a cover page, table of contents, headings

TASK $1.$ BASIC LINUX COMMANDS $(15$marks$)$

Instructions: Execute the following tasks using basic linux commands. Ensure all commands or scripts are executed correctly and tge results are captured in screenshots. These screenshots should be logically included in the report along with any necessary explanations.

TASK$1\mathrm{.}1$: Create a new directory named prokects in your home directory $(2$marks$)$

TASK $1\mathrm{.}2$: Create a new file named important$\_$data.txt in the Documents directory. Add a few lines of text to this file. Copy the important$\_$data.txt file from the Documents directory to the projects directory $(3$marks$)$

TASK$1\mathrm{.}3$: List the contents of the projects directory in long format $($Is$-1)$ displaying detailed information such as file permissions, ownership, size and modification $(2$marks$)$

TASK$1\mathrm{.}4$: Modify the permissions of the important$\_$data.txt file in the projects directory so that it is readonly for the owner, group, and others $(3$marks$)$

TASK$1\mathrm{.}5$:Use the grep command to search for the word "Linux" in the important$\_$data.txt file located in the projects directory.$(2$marks$)$

TASK$1\mathrm{.}6$: Create several empty files in the projects directory with various modification dates using the touch command. Then find and delete all files in the projects directory that are older then $7$ days $(3$marks$)$

TASK $2$: LINUX TEXT EDITORS $(15$ marks$)$

Instructions: Complete the following tasks using the specified text editors. Ensure that screenshots of each step are included in the report to verify the work.

TASK $2\mathrm{.}1$: Create a new text file named my$\_$file.txt using nano editor. Add at least three lines of text to the files save it and then exit the editor $(5$marks$)$

TASK $2\mathrm{.}2$: Open my$\_$file.txt in the vim esitor. Add at least two more lines of text to the file. $(5$marks$)$

TASK $2\mathrm{.}3$: Save the changes made to my$\_$file.txt and exit the v editor $(5$marks$)$

TASK $3$: IDENTIFYING STANDARD DEVICE FILES, FILTERS $,$AND PIPES$(10$marks$)$

Instructions: Complete the following tasks related to device files and common linux commands used for filtering and manipulating text data. Include all commands outputs and explanations in the report.

TASK $3\mathrm{.}1$: List the contents of the $/$dev directory which contains device files in linux. Briefly describe the purpose of this Directory and what these device files represent$(5$marks$)$

TASK $3\mathrm{.}2$: Explain the purpose and typical use cases of the following commands : head, tail and grep. Provide an example command for each that demonstrates how it is used in a real world scenario$(5$marks$)$

TASK $4$: SHELL SCRIPTING IN LINUX $(20$marks$)$

Instructions : Write and execute the following shell scripts. Include all the code, execution commands and screenshots of the results in your report.

Task $4\mathrm{.}1$: Write a shell script that performs the following actions: Create a new directory named backup in your home directory. Copies a specified file $($eg$.,$ important$\_$data.txt$)$ from your home directory into the backup directory. Changes the permissions of the copied file in the backup directory to read only for the owner, group and others $(10$marks$)$

TASK $4\mathrm{.}2$: Write a shell script that performs the followinf actions: Accepts a username as input. Checks if a user with that username exists on the system. If the user does not exists creates a new user with that username $(10$marks$)$

TASK $5$:MANAGING FILES AND PROCESSES$(15$marks$)$

Instructions: Complete the following tasks related to file management and process control. Include all commands, outputs, and screenshots in your report to validate your work.

TASK$5\mathrm{.}1$: Create a new directory named archive in your home directory. Move a specified file $($e$.$g$,$example.txt$)$ from your home directory into the archive directory. Confirm the file has been moved and then delete the original file from previous location if it exists. $(5$marks$)$

TASK$5\mathrm{.}2$: list all running processes on the system along with their status, including details such as PID, user, CPU, and memory usage.$(5$marks$)$

TASK$5\mathrm{.}3$: Identify the PID of a specific running process $($ you can specify a common process like gedit, firefox, or any system service$).$ Terminate this process using its PID and verify that the process has been successfully killed $(5$marks$)$

TASK $6$:WORKING WITH LINUX UTILITIES $(10$marks$)$

Instructions: Complete the following tasks using linux utilities. Provide all commands, outputs, and screnshots in the report to validate the work.

TASK $6\mathrm{.}1$ : Use the find command to locate all files with a specific extension $($e$.$g$,.$txt$)$ within a specified directory $($e$.$g $.,$ your home directory or $/$var$/$log$).$ Display the full paths of the located files $(5$marks$)$

TASK $6\mathrm{.}2$: Use the awk command to extract specific fields from a text file $($e$.$g $,$extracting the second and fourth columns from a file containing tabular date like $(/$etc$/$passwd$).$ Display the extracted fields in a well formatted output $(5$marks$)$

TASK$7$: INTRODUCING THE X WINDOW SYSTEM AND GNOME $(10$marks$)$

Instructions: Answer the following wuestions related to the graphical user interface components in Linux. Ensure your explanations are clear and supported by relevant examples or descriptions.

TASK$7\mathrm{.}1$: Explain the role of the X window system in linux including its purpose, functionality and how it interacts with other system components. $(5$marks$)$

TASK $7\mathrm{.}2$ : List and briefly describe the key components of the GNOME desktop environment including at least five essential elements that contribute to its functionality$(5$marks$)$

task$7\mathrm{.}3$: Compare and contrast the X window system with wayland focusing on their design principles performance and compatibility with