The Networked System to be designed is for partial automation of a vineyard.

Wireless Vineyard

You can assume that the size of the vineyard is $0\mathrm{.}5$Km$2.$ Each plant in the vineyard is equipped with temperature, humidity, leaf moisture, leaf temperature sensors$.($While only a single temperature, humidity is sufficient multiple leaf temperature, leaf moisture sensors are used$).$ The vines are laid out in proper lanes.

The data is collected at intervals of $5$ minutes.

There is a data mule in form of $$Roger$,$ Simba & Bandit$,$ who goes around the farm thrice a day at a fixed time, a fixed route and collects data from certain sensors $($not all$)$ and carries them to a central station. This decides the watering and lighting schedule of the vineyard.

For the WSN

$($a$)$ What is the deployment pattern $$ how many motes will be required, are all motes of the same type $($classify requirements as motes $($sensing$,$ relay, sensing and relay$)$ and super motes, and where will you place each mote$/$super mote? Show with appropriate figures and Justify.

$($b$)$ Show a block diagram$-$level architecture for each of your sensor nodes.

$($c$)$ For the application scenario $$ what are the characteristics that the network protocol stack should possess $($In terms of energy conservation, processing and memory requirements, fault tolerance, data criticality, data aggregation and compression, real$-$time operations, maintenance$)?$

$($d$)$ Would a time synchronization Algorithm be required? If so which one will you use and why?

$($e$)$ Would a Localization Algorithm be required? If so which one will you use and why?

$($f$)$ Would use Clustering? If so which algorithm and why? Will this clustering be hierarchal? Justify

$($g$)$ Which Routing Algorithm will you use and why?

$($h$)$ Topology Control requirement is necessary$-$ Suggest a protocol that would work ideally in such an environment.

$($i$)$ What are the MAC protocols that you will use for this WSN$?$

$($j$)$ What is the addressing method that you will use in the WSN$?$

$($k$)$ How do you integrate the data mule with the network protocol stack?

$($l$)$ Analyze your protocol stack with the characteristics you have defined in Part $($c$)$ of this question. Does your protocol stack satisfy all requirements?

$($m$)$What are the main challenges that your WSN must address?