The pathophysiologic changes begin subtly and progress over months, resulting in increasingly pronounced symptoms and systemic dysfunction if left untreated. The diagnosis of Graves' disease is based on a combination of clinical symptoms, physical signs, and laboratory results (Rogers & Brashers, 2023). Patients commonly present with anxiety, tremor, weight loss, heat intolerance, palpitations, and fatigue. Physical exam findings may include tachycardia, elevated blood pressure, lid lag, hyperreflexia, and an enlarged, non-tender thyroid gland. In some cases, patients may also show signs of Graves' ophthalmopathy, such as exophthalmos (Pokhrel & Bhusal, 2023). Laboratory testing typically reveals suppressed TSH levels, elevated free T3 and/or T4, and positive TSI, which is a highly specific marker for Graves' disease. If imaging is performed, such as a radioactive iodine uptake scan, it usually shows diffuse increased uptake throughout the thyroid gland, distinguishing Graves' disease from other causes of thyrotoxicosis. Many factors contribute to a Graves' disease diagnosis, including genetic predisposition, environmental triggers, and other autoimmune disorders like type 1 diabetes. Emotional or physical stress, smoking, and exposure to excess iodine are known to increase the risk. Immune shifts following pregnancy can also precipitate the disease in women during the postpartum period