The phases in the labor relations process involve:

1. The law be acknowledged in determining employees rights, in recognizing union and management rights and responsibilities, and that the union be recognized by employees as their legal representative.
2. Negotiations to determine disputes over terms and conditions of employment or what the work rules/policies will be. This is the stage at which union and management may use techniques to put pressure on the opposition by strikes by the union or lockout by management, or they could use mediation or other technique to come to agreement.
3. Once negotiations have concluded and disputes over rights resolved, the final phase of administering the agreement is to administer those agreed upon contract terms on a day-to-day basis.

Within those phases are essential elements contained in the framework of the labor relations process, as discussed by Holley, Ross, and Jenningswork rules, key participants, underlying assumptions: constraints/influences, such as the state of the economy, technology, labor market, product market, informational forces, public opinion, and the financial market.

Within those elements, give at least four (4) different examples of how those elements may influence the labor relations process. For example, the state of the economy can affect labor relations if wages are low. This could influence union negotiations on wage increases (do not use this example).