The process of internally creating and$/$or upgrading an execution$-$critical competence or capability

is best done by putting a single department in charge of the building the needed competence or capability and then directing department personnel to identify outside companies that have world$-$class competence$/$capability in performing the activity and imitate their practices and procedures as closely as possible.

is a three$-$stage process that requires first developing organizational ability to do something, however imperfectly or inefficiently; second, translating this ability into a competence and$/$or capability by learning to do the activity consistently well and at an acceptable cost; and then continuing to polish and sharpen performance of the activity aiming not just for incremental improvements but, ultimately, for best$-$in$-$industry or best$-$in$-$world proficiency:

has to be focused squarely on hiring employees with the right kinds of expertise and intellectual capital, training these employees very intensively, organizing them into teams and work groups, and then gradually polishing and sharpening the ability of the teams$/$work groups to perform their tasks ever more proficiently and at progressively lower costs.

entails empowering employees, putting them on a single team $($or in a single department$),$ and giving them the tools and training to perform each execution$-$critical value chain activity with ever higher degrees of proficiency over time.

is a one$-$step process built around properly training and empowering employees to perform execution$-$critical value chain activities in a tightly$-$prescribed and very cost$-$efficient manner.