The pseudocode in this assignment uses

x : integer :$=$ Y

to denote declaring a variable x$,$ and binding it to the value Y$.$

Writing

x :$=$ Y

binds an existing variable x$.$

print a$,$ b should print the value of the variables a and b separated by a comma

$1)$ Indicate the binding time for each of the following decisions in Prolog. Explain your answers:

a$)$ The total amount of space consumed by program code and data.

b$)$ The $"$:$-"$ symbol.

c$)$ The name "descendant", as in the descendant relation defined in the class slides.

d$)$ The binding of X to y$,$ when applying the rule

reachable$($X$,$ Z$)$ :$-$ edge$($X$,$ Y$),$ reachable$($Y$,$ Z$).$

to the query:

$?-$ reachable$($y$,$ w$).$