the question arises: How does theory form the foundation for the discipline? Theory in civil engineering encompasses principles of mechanics, materials science, structural analysis, and fluid dynamics. These theories underpin the understanding of how structures withstand loads, how materials behave under stress, and how fluids flow through systems. Theoretical frameworks guide engineers in designing infrastructure that is safe, efficient, and sustainable. By applying theories such as Newton's laws, Euler$-$Bernoulli beam theory, or Navier$-$Stokes equations, civil engineers can predict, analyze, and optimize the performance of structures, ensuring they meet functional requirements while adhering to safety standards and environmental considerations.