The Ravenville City Council passed an ordinance revising the hiring criteria for public transportation workers. The criteria apply only to those who operate and maintain public transportation equipment, but not to those on the city's public transportation board, which sets policy for the transit system. One criteria is that transportation employees be United States citizens. The council defended the citizenship requirement as serving the city's interest in having workers of undivided loyalty. What standard of review applies to review of this matter under the Equal Protection Clause?

For the past five years, Zenith Independent School District has offered voluntary summer school. Summer courses consist of enrichment, some people call them "exotic" subjects not taught in the regular curriculum, such as additional foreign languages (like Portuguese, Mandarin Chinese and Italian) and math and science courses (like astronomy, coding and robotics). Because the school district's teachers are on a ten-month contract, the district must pay summer teachers extra for the session. Due to Covid-19 budget restrictions, the district can only afford to hire a small fraction of its teachers for the summer term. The district generally educates 50,000 students. But the summer program can only handle 500 students, or 1% of the total Zenith ISD student population. All students attending a Zenith public school are eligible for the summer program. Registration is on a first-come first-served basis, and usually begins twelve weeks before the summer term begins. Students who are "undocumented persons" may not register until the last four weeks of registration, and then only if spaces remain open. Each year the summer program has operated, all spaces have filled within the first three weeks of registration. Thus, no undocumented students have been enrolled. If challenged on Equal Protection grounds, a Court will apply strict scrutiny analysis.

The City of Louisville, Kentucky maintains a permit system for public events. Under the system, anyone who wants to conduct a parade must apply for and obtain a permit to march on a public street. Under this ordinance the Ku Klux Klan applied for a permit to march on one of the main thoroughfares in the Sylvania neighborhood on a Saturday afternoon. The city rejected the request on the grounds that many Sylvania residents abhor the KKK and its ideas.

Is the city's rejection of the KKK application constitutional under the Free Speech Clause?

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To determine whether the citys rejection of the Ku Klux Klans KKK application is constitutional under the Free Speech Clause we need to consider the l... View the full answer