The return$-$on$-$assets effect $($ROA$)$ quantifies and measures $\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_$blank.

Multiple Choice

the impact of supply actions on inventory and the balance sheet

the indirect contribution of supply management to profitability

any increase in sales that occurs at a greater rate than the cost of assets

reduction in the allocations to the operating budget of the supply department

the effect on profitability of reduced spend compared to a sales increase