The rmultinom function in R simulates random draws from the multinomial distribution, which generalizes the binomial distribution from two categories (e.g., success/failure) to more than two categories (we need four right, for the four cells in our table). Also if you are curious about about why the rst argument we supply to the rmultinom function is a 1, this is because we seek only 1 simulated set of four counts. Now carry out the chi-squared test to see if your dataset casts doubt on the null hypothesis that exposure and disease are unassociated