The Starbucks app makes ordering, customizing, and paying for coffee very easy. The company also uses personalization to offer customers individualized rewards based on past purchases. Plus, customers earn stars every time they make a purchase in the app that they can eventually redeem for free food, drinks, or Starbucks merch$[$andise$].$ Starbucks created:

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$($d$)$ A Consumer Decision Journey

$($b$)$ A loyalty loop

$($c$)$ Perceptual Harmony

$($e$)$ Self$-$actualized consumers

$($a$)$ Selective Satisfaction