The Study of Life$*$ How do we know whether an organism is alive? What characteristics do living things have over non$-$living things?$*$ What is evolution and how does Natural Selection work? What are adaptations?Chemistry and Water$*$ How do the chemical properties of molecules influence how they work and interact in living things? For example, why is it important if a molecule is polar or non$-$polar? What properties do polar molecule have that influence how they behave for living things?$*$ How are the properties of water important for life?Biological molecules$*$ What are the monomers $($or components$)$ and the polymers of the four classes of biological molecules that we covered?$*$ What are examples of each and their role $/$ use?Cells$*$ What are the similarities and differences between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells?$*$ What are the similarities and differences between Eukaryotic plant and animal cells?$*$ How can you determine what kind of cell an unknown cell is and what type of organism $($Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic, Plant or Animal$)$ a cell belongs to based on its features?Cell membrane$*$ What are the properties of molecules that influence whether they can or cannot cross the phospholipid bilayer?$*$ What are the different ways that molecules enter or leave cells? Based on the physical and chemical properties of a molecule, how would it enter or leave the cell?Photosynthesis$*$ What is the balanced equation for photosynthesis?$*$ Why do plants carryout photosynthesis and what are at $3$ ways in which photosynthesis is essential to life on Earth?$*$ What are the goals of the two main reactions in photosynthesis, and how are they linked?Cellular Respiration$*$ What is the goal of cellular respiration? Why do living things need to carryout cellular respiration?$*$ What is the goal of the first $3$ steps and the last step? How are these related?Mitosis, Meiosis and Genetics$*$ What are the many goals of mitosis, and of meiosis? Why do living things do mitosis and meiosis?$*$ Starting from a parent cell, what would a daughter cell look like if that cell underwent mitosis?$*$ Starting from a parent cell, what would a daughter cell look like if that cell underwent meiosis?$*$ How is genetic variation created within populations of organisms that reproduce sexually?$*$ What are haploid and diploid cells and what are examples of each?$*$ How many versions of each gene haploid cells have? What about diploid organisms? Why is this? What genes are passed down to offspring in gametes?$*$ Why is it important to know the difference between genotype and phenotype? How do you determine phenotype of an organism based on its genes for the $3$ types of dominance that we covered?$*$ Why is it important to know the genotypes of parents?$$Enzymes$,$ proteins, and protein synthesis$*$ What are enzymes and how do they work?$*$ What determines the function of a protein? This is a large part of the course and you should know this in detail$*$ How does a gene determine the function of a protein?$*$ Why must DNA replication be accurate?$*$ What would happen if there was a mutation in a gene that coded for an enzyme?