the swapcase method for strings takes lowercase letters and capitlizes them, and then takes uppercase letters and makes them lowercase. Without using the swapcase method, build your own using a function and taking in a string In [1]: string = "I like to code in Python!" print("original string:",string) swapped_string = string.swapcase) print (swapped_string) original string: I like to code in Python! i LIKE TO CODE IN PYTHON ! In [7]: from string import ascii_lowercase as lowercase from string import ascii_uppercase as uppercase print(lowercase) print(uppercase) abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ In [39]: def swapcase_function(string): output=[] for i in string: if i in range (ord("a"), ord("z")): i = ord(i) -32 output = chr(i) elif i in range (ord("A"), ord("Z")): i = ord(i)+32 output = chr(i) print (output) return output In [40]: swapcase_function("HELLO") [] Out[40]: []