The term "additional funds needed $($AFN$)"$ is generally defined as follows:

a$.$ Funds that are obtained automatically from routine business transactions.

b$.$ The amount of internally generated eash in a given year minus the amount of cash needed to acquire the r growth.

c$.$ A forecasting approach in which the forecasted pereentage of sales for each balance sheet account is held

d$.$ The amount of assets required per dollar of sales.

e$.$ Funds that a firm must raise externally from non$-$spontancous sources, i$.$e$.,$ by borrowing or by selling net