The Tuskegee Syphilis Study has received criticism for violating many ethical principles. The purpose of the study was tolearn aboutthe progression of syphilis. Impoverished African American men were enrolled in the study and told they were receiving free health care from the government.Researchersstudied the natural progression of the disease and so, even though penicillin was discovered as a treatmentduring the course of the study,theydid not treat the men. They reasoned that the men were unlikely to receive treatment anyways and that the knowledge gained from studying the progression of the disease would benefit society. However, afterwards, it was determined that the researchers harmed these men by withholding treatment.This is a violation of which principle?

a. Autonomy / Respect for human dignity

b. Beneficience

c. Justice