The year has also produced ongoing contestation over the effect of centralised collective bargaining. Judgement in the Free-MarketFoundation challenge to the extension of collective agreements to non-parties was handed down in the North Gauteng High Court and produced claims of victory all round. Despite some of the small print, the judgement does cleally endorse the basic structure through which the LRA regulates industry bargaining. But the precise relationship between decisions taken under these provisions and the Promotion of Administration of Justice Act remains somewhat obscure. In light of this statement from the article, provide an overview of collective bargaining in South Africa and evaluate the significance of different levels of collective bargaining in creating industrial harmony