theories in operations management serve as foundational frameworks for optimizing organizational processes and enhancing efficiency? Explore how concepts like Lean management, Six Sigma, Total Quality Management $($TQM$),$ and the Theory of Constraints $($TOC$)$ contribute to streamlining production, reducing waste, and improving overall performance. Additionally, delve into the application of operations strategies such as Just$-$in$-$Time $($JIT$)$ inventory systems, supply chain management, and capacity planning within diverse industries. Assess the impact of these theories on decision$-$making processes, resource allocation, and competitive advantage, considering both theoretical perspectives and real$-$world case studies to illustrate their practical significance in modern business environments.