There are 5 alternatives, X = {a, b, c, d, e} and John has the following preference a is preferred to b, b is preferred to c, a is preferred to c, d is preferred to e.

a) Is the preference transitive? Is it complete?

b) John's roommate is annoyed by the constant trade-off talk and, as a result, has adopted the following preference: alternative x {a, b, c, d, e} is preferred to alternative y {a, b, c, d, e} if and only if John does not prefer x to y. Are these preferences complete? Are they transitive?