There are important differences between the traditional business models (TBMs)-- in which firms provide a product or service, and platform-based business models (PBMs) in which the network or community plays a key role. These differences include the following:

a) TBMs focus primarily on the supply side and the activities along the value chain, whereas PBMs focus primarily on the demand side.

b) Skills and competencies required for the effective management of TBM operations are equally applicable to the PBMs.

c) In PBMs, guarding against threats must also be complemented by openness and reducing barriers to increase usage.

d) Scale is a key attribute of the PBMs because they are typically characterized by high fixed costs and low marginal costs.

All of the above

a & c

a, c & d

a, b & c