There are very few parking places near the campus entrances of ABCD University. Previously, these parking lots are reserved for the president and the vice presidents of the university. Faculty members have been complaining that this violates the value of fairness. The university institutes a lottery to equalize the chances for all students and faculty to gain the benefit of parking in these lots. It is seen as a fair way to allocate the parking lots, even though the other parking spaces on campus are allocated on a 'first come, first served' basis.

(1) The lottery system is consistent with which ethical theory, and why?

(2) Which approach to ethical decision making does this theory belong to, why?

(3) What are the advantages and disadvantages of this ethical theory?