This case discusses the challenges faced by Shenzhen-based networking and telecommunications equipment and services company, Huawei Technologies Ltd. (Huawei) in the global markets of the US. Australia, and the European Union for its telecom equipment. The countries alleged that Huawei had entered their establishments through the back door at the behest of the Chinese government, giving China a chance to spy on the US. The allegations had their roots in the past association of Ren Zhengfei (Ren), Huawei's founder, with the People's Liberation Army (PLA), the unified organization of the armed forces in China. Huawei's culture of secrecy, lack of openness and transparency, and Ren's unwillingness to give public interviews only strengthened the opposition the company faced. Amidst concerns related to national security, Huawei was banned from bidding for telecom equipment projects in both Australia and the US.Huawei had consistently denied all espionage accusations and the allegations that it had links with the Chinese military. The company fought relentlessly for several years to shed its image as a company controlled by the Chinese state, despite its private ownership structure. Since Ren's past experience in the PLA was often cited by overseas media and officials to suggest that Huawei was collaborating with the Chinese government. Huawei took the help of global public relations firms, advertisers, and strategic consultants to try and erase this impression. Despite spending a huge amount of money on lobbying activities in the US, from 2012, the company had to lower its presence in the US telecom market. 6. In your opinion, linking macroeconomic topics taken during lecture, briefly explain one major effect for the United States in Huawei's lowering presence in the US telecom market