THIS IS A CASE STUDY

the oath had no relation to their fitness for the pursuits and professions designated, the court held that the oath was not required as a means of ascertaining whether the parties were qualified for those pursuits and professions, but was exacted because it was thought that the acts deserved punishment, and that for many of them there was no way of inflicting punishment except by depriving the parties of their offices and trusts. A large portion of the people of Missouri were unable to take the oath, and as to them the court held that the requirements of its constitution amounted to a legislative deprivation of their rights. Many of the acts which parties were bound to deny that they had ever done were innocent at the time they were committed, and the deprivation of a right to continue in their offices if the oath were not taken was held to be a penalty for a past act, which was violative of the constitution. The doctrine of this case was affirmed inPiercev.Carskadon,16 Wall. 234.

Q1

What is the advantage of intermittent self-catheterization over an

indwelling catheter? How is bladder training done while on an

indwelling catheter?

Q2

Kindly tell me about the role of pulse wave velocity (PWV) in early

diagnosis of arteriosclerosis. How is it useful in cardiac, diabetic and

renal medicine?

Q3

You say that no convincing evidence was found that chronic

hyperuricaemia causes nephropathy and nor can it be corrected by

allopurinol. However, some patients we see have high serum uric

acid and creatinine, which both come down with allopurinol. Please

comment.

Q4

Can aspirin cause analgesic nephropathy? If yes, then how could we

justify its use in primary prevention of coronary artery disease (CAD),

even in high-risk patients? I have read that regular use of analgesics for

3 years could cause analgesic nephropathy.

Q5

What is the probability that a patient on a moderate daily dose of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs; ibuprofen 800 mg once daily

for tension headache) will develop analgesic nephropathy?

Q6

Do daily doses of paracetamol with the dosage range of 1 g/day cause

analgesic nephropathy. If so, after what length of time?

Q7

Allopurinol is used for the treatment of uric acid stones; it is also one

of the aetiologies of renal calculi. Could you please explain its actual

effect.

Q8

Why should we avoid angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors

as hypertensive therapy in the presence of renal artery stenoses? How

can they lead to acute renal failure? What else can we prescribe for this

patient to regulate the hypertension?

Q9

Is the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors

contraindicated in cases of unilateral renal artery stenosis?

Q10

1. How effective is renal duplex in detecting renal artery

stenosis?

2. Is magnetic resonance angiography superior to renal duplex in

detecting renal artery stenosis?c1111