This question deals with the basic concepts of Special Relativity

$1($a$)$ Briefly explain the concept of an inertial frame of reference, as it first arose in

Newtonian physics. Are there any special inertial frames of reference? If not, what is

the implication for measurements concerning space, time and velocity? $[5$ Marks$]$

$1($b$)$ Explain why the Maxwell theory of electricity and magnetism presents a challenge

to Newtonian concepts of relativity. $[5$ Marks$]$

$1($c$)$ What postulate did Einstein introduce to meet this challenge? $[2$ Marks$]$

$1($d$)$ What novel implications for time, space, velocity and their relations follow from

Einsteins$$s postulate? Name the transformation rule that links these effects. $[8$ Marks$]$