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Frei $(2006)$ identified five $(5)$ types of customer$-$introduced service process variability. "Uncertainty in the ability of customers to participate in a service" most accurately defines which one $(1)$ of the five types of customer$-$introduced variability?

Select one:

a$.$ Request variability

b$.$ Effort variability

c$.$ Arrival variability

d$.$ Capability variability

e$.$ Subjective$-$preference variability