Title: Vehicle Management System

Description:

You are tasked with designing and implementing a vehicle management system in

Java. The system should utilize inheritance and polymorphism to represent different

types of vehicles and perform basic operations on them.

Requirements:

$1.$ Define a base class Vehicle with the following attributes:

$$ make $($String$)$: The make of the vehicle.

$$ model $($String$)$: The model of the vehicle.

$$ year $($int$)$: The manufacturing year of the vehicle.

Implement the following methods in the Vehicle class:

$$ start$()$: Simulates starting the vehicle.

$$ stop$()$: Simulates stopping the vehicle.

$$ accelerate$()$: Simulates accelerating the vehicle.

$2.$ Methods:

start$()$:

$$ For a car, starting the vehicle involves turning on the ignition, checking for

any warning lights or alerts, and initializing the engine.

$$ For a truck, starting the vehicle may include conducting a pre$-$trip

inspection, checking fluid levels, and verifying the operation of safety

features.

$$ For a motorcycle, starting the vehicle could involve priming the fuel

system, engaging the ignition, and ensuring proper gear engagement.

stop$()$:

$$ When stopping a car, the brakes should be applied gradually, and the

engine should be idled down smoothly to avoid sudden jerks.

$$ Stopping a truck may involve gradually reducing speed, engaging the

parking brake, and conducting a post$-$trip inspection.

$$ Stopping a motorcycle requires downshifting gears, applying the brakes

evenly, and coming to a controlled stop while maintaining balance.

accelerate$()$:

$$ Accelerating a car involves smoothly pressing the accelerator pedal,

shifting gears as necessary, and gradually increasing speed.

$$ A truck accelerates by applying throttle gradually, monitoring engine RPM$,$

and adjusting speed based on load conditions.

$$ Accelerating a motorcycle requires modulating the throttle, shifting gears

smoothly, and maintaining balance while increasing speed.

$3.$ Implement derived classes for different types of vehicles:

$$ Car: Inherits from Vehicle. Additional attributes:

$$ numDoors $($int$)$: Number of doors in the car.

$$ Truck: Inherits from Vehicle. Additional attributes:

$$ cargoCapacity $($double$)$: The cargo capacity of the truck in tons.

$$ Motorcycle: Inherits from Vehicle. Additional attributes:

$$ engineType $($String$)$: Type of engine in the motorcycle $($e$.$g$.,"2-$

stroke", $"4-$stroke"$).$

Override the accelerate$()$ method in each derived class to provide a specific

implementation based on the vehicle type.

$4.$ Implement a VehicleManagementSystem class to demonstrate polymorphism:

$$ Create an array of Vehicle objects containing instances of Car, Truck,

and Motorcycle.

$$ Use a loop to iterate through the array and perform the following

operations on each vehicle:

$$ Start the vehicle.

$$ Accelerate the vehicle.

$$ Stop the vehicle.

Sample output:

Starting the vehicle Toyota Camry

Accelerating the car Toyota Camry

Stopping the vehicle Toyota Camry

Starting the vehicle Ford F$-150$

Accelerating the truck Ford F$-150$

Stopping the vehicle Ford F$-150$

Starting the vehicle Harley$-$Davidson Sportster

Accelerating the motorcycle Harley$-$Davidson Sportster

Stopping the vehicle Harley$-$Davidson Sportster