Question: To compute a^19 mod N, the modular exponential algorithms that we studied would do 8 modular multiplications (5 squarings and 3 multiplications by a). What

To compute a^19 mod N, the modular exponential algorithms that we studied would do 8 modular multiplications (5 squarings and 3 multiplications by a). What is the minimum number of modular multiplications needed to compute a^19 mod N if you are free to use any sequence of modular multiplications?

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