To represent an archetype$/$instance pattern in an E$-$R model, $\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.$

a$.$

create a new ID$-$dependent entity with a $1$:N relationship

b$.$

create a new ID$-$dependent entity with a $1$:$1$ relationship

c$.$

create a new weak, but not ID$-$dependent entity with a $1$:N relationship

d$.$

create a new strong entity with a $1$:$1$ relationship