Tom wants to use this statement from the article: "But in many states, there is one place where it is permissible to hit, spank or slap: school." He decided to change it to the statement that follows without using any kind of citation or credit to the original author because he wasn't directly quoting the author. In some states you can hit, spank or slap kids. If they are in school. Can he use this statement? No, when you paraphrase someone else's words without a citation, it's psuedo-paraphrasing, and is plagiarism. He can reword the phrase, but he needs to use an oral citation to give credit to the author, like this: A. In some states you can "hit, spank or slap" kids. 1. If they are in school. 2. I was stunned when I read this in a New York Times article published in Dec. 2018 3. Like many people, I thought capital punishment in school was illegal. 3. Now, follow the model above to write this next quote in a way that Tom can use it without plagiarizing: Students are typically spanked with paddles that measure up to two feet long and several inches wide.