TomTom & Company has instituted a formal affirmative action program to ensure that its workforce composition mirrors that of the labor market. John Green, a white male who was a first$-$line supervisor, applied for a job as a middle manager. Although John was clearly the most qualified candidate for the job based on his education, training, and experience, the company decided to hire an inexperienced member of a protected group instead. John believes that he is a victim of